INZIBUTSO ZA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI KU RWEGO RW'IGIHUGU
Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gisozi
Urwibutso rwa Gisozi ruri mu Mujyi wa Kigali, Akarere ka Gasabo. Ni rwo runini mu gihugu urebye umubare w’abarushyinguyemo: abantu basaga 250.000 bavanywe hirya no hino mu Mujyi wa Kigali no mu nkengero zawo, abavanywe mu mazu biciwemo, abatawe mu myobo ndetse n’abaroshywe mu nzuzi ariko amazi akaza kubagarura ku nkombe. Urwo rwibutso rwubatswe mu 1999.
Urwibutso rw Gisozi rugizwe n’inzu y’amateka, aho abantu bibonera uko u Rwanda rwari rumeze kuva mu kinyejana cya 11, uko ubutegetsi bwasimburanye n’ukuntu amacakubiri yigishijwe kugeza ubwo rwgwaga mw’icuraburindi rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Hari kandi n’ibice byerekana ukuntu Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi yateguwe ikanashyirwa mu bikorwa. Ibikoresho by’abazize jenoside ndetse n’intwaro abicaga bakoresheje nabyo birerekanwa. Muri iyo nzu kandi harerekanwa ukuntu u Rwanda rwafashe inzira y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge nyuma ya 1994. Mu nzu y’amateka yok u rwibutso rwa Gisozi, hari kandi amateka ya jenoside zabereye ahandi kw’isi nk’iyo muri Arménie, iyakorewe Abayahudi, iyo muri Cambogde n’iy’aba Serbe.
Hanze hari imva 14 zishyinguyemo inzirakarengane zishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’urukuta rwanditseho amazina 2000 yabashije kuboneka. Andi mazina aracyashakishwa. Ku rwibutso rwa Gisozi hari kandi inzu nshyinguranyandiko ifasha abashakashatsi baba abo mu Rwanda cyangwa mu mahanga, hari aho barerebera za sinema n’ubusitani abantu bashobora kwicaramo bagatekereza, bakibuka.
URWIBUTSO RWA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI RW’I MURAMBI
Urwibutso rw’abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda 1994 rwa Murambi rwubatse mu Mudugudu wa Murambi ,Akagali ka Remera , Umurenge wa Gasaka , Akarere ka Nyamagabe,ruri kuri km 126 uvuye Kigali na km 3,5 uvuye mu Mugi wa Nyamagabe. Mbereye ya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi Murambi ikaba yari muri Komine Nyamagabe ho muri perefegitura ya Gikongoro nyuma yo guhuza icyari uturere twa Bufundu,Nyaruguru ,Bunyambiriri na Buyenzi mumyaka ya 63 ,aka gace kakaba karakunze kurangwa nubwicanyi ndenga kamere kuva mumyaka ya 1959, cyane mucyari Ubufundu , muriyo myaka nibwo uwari shefu Rwasibo J. Baptiste wayoboye Ubufunfu byagateganyo afatanije n’ubutegetsi bw’Ababirigi bacuze politike n’ igikorwa cyo guca abatutsi babajyana mu mashyamba ya Kibungo na Bugesera isazi ya Tsetse ikaba yarahitanye abatari bake. Ikigikorwa kigayitse hari abatutsi banze ko bene wabo bajyanwa mu mashyamba ya Kibungo na Bugesera maze bafata imiheto barwana n’abaparakomando b’Ababirigi bari bitwaje imbunda ziremereye ndetse na zakajugujugu.Ubutegetsi ukobwagiye bukurikirana kuva kuri repuburika ya mbere kugeza kungoma ya Habyarimana Juvenal bakomeje gukengenza urwango hagati y’abanyarwanda kugera aho bigera kundunduro ya Jenoside yo muri 1994.
1995 nibwo imibiri yabatutsi biciwe i Murambi ndetse bakanajugunywa mubyobo byacukuwe n’amamashini kuri 22/4/1994,bakuwe muri ibyo byobo kugirango bashyingurwe mu cyubahiro,kwikubitiro hakaba harataburuwe ibihumbi cumi n’umunani (18000) muri ibyo byobo.Iki gikorwa cyakozwe na Leta y’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda n’abacitse ku icumu. Imibiri imwe ikaba yarashyinguwe, itarangiritse cyane ikabikwa hakoreshejwe ishyagara (nkibimenetso bya Jenoside). Urwibutso rw’abazize Jenoside rwa Murambi rukaba rwarashyizwe ku rwego rw’Igihugu rukaba rucungwa na Komisssiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside CNLG,arinayo ifite inshingano ku nzibutso z’abazize Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi.
Urwibutso rwa Murambi rugizwe n’ibice by’ingenzi bikurikira:
Reception, igice gikubiyemo amateka cyane avuga kuri Jenoside (museum), igice gishyinguyemo (imibiri igera ku 50,000), igike kibitse imibiri mu mashuri ari naho abenshi baguye, iyi mibiri ikaba igera ku 1200, n’imyenda nk’ibimenyetso bya Jenoside, igice cy’ahari haracukuwe ibyobo rusange ( ibyobo byatabwemo imibiri y’Abatutsi nyuma yo kubica) nyuma byakuwemo imibiri y’Abatutsi biciwe i Murambi), icyo gice kandi hagaragara aho ibendera ry’Igihugu cy’Ubufaransa ryari rishinze n’ ikibuga cyakinirwagamo volley ball n’ingabo z’Abafaransa zari zifite ibirindiro i Murambi mu gihe cya Opération Turiquoise, hakaba n’igice cya Jardin de la Memoire.
Nyamata
Mu 1959 na 1960, abatutsi bavanywe mu tundi duce tw’igihugu bajyanwa gutura I Nyamata ku ngufu, agace karangwaga n’ishyamba ndetse n’isazi ya Tsetse. Mu 1980, bamaze kuhatunganya no kuhagira heza, hubatswe Kiliziya. Mu 1994, iyo kiliziya yabaye ibagiro ry’abatutsi bari bahahungiye ubwo interahamwe zabiraragamo zikabatemagura zibateramo n’amagerenade, hagapfa abantu barenga ibihumbi mirongo ine na bitanu mu munsi umwe.
Nyuma y’imishyikirano hagati ya Kiliziya Gatolika na Leta y’u Rwanda , iyo kiliziya n’aho yubatswe habaye urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Urwo rwibutso rugizwe n’aho abakirisitu bicaraga ubu hakaba hari imyenda abishwe bari bambaye ibikoresho abicanyi bakoresheje: imihoro, amacumu, ibyuma… Uhasanga n’amashapule abishwe bari bambaye. Muri “cave” hari imibiri y’abishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ikaba iri mu birahure biyikingiye ariko bitayibuza kugaragara.
Mu busitani bw’iyo kiliziya, hari imva rusangi ebyiri zirimo imibiri yibutsa ukuntu abantu bishwe urw’agashinyaguro, hakabaho n’amabuye asennye neza yanditsweho amazina ya bamwe mu bantu bahashyinguye.
Muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, hari kiliziya nyinshi ziciwemo abantu bari bazihungiyemo bizeye ko ntawakorera icyaha cyo kwica mu nzu y’Imana. Twavuga nka: Nyange, Nyundo, Nyarubuye,Mibirizi, Hanika, Shangi, Nyamasheke, Kaduha, Kibeho, Cyanika, Cyahinda, Muganza, Kansi, Higiro, Mugombwa, Simbi, Mugina, Birahambo n’ahandi.
Bisesero
Urwibutso rwa Bisesero rukunze kuvugwa nk’urwibutso rw’intwari. Rwubatswe mu 1998 kugira ngo rubungabunge amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu karere ruherereyemo muri rusangi, ay’ubutwari bwo kwirwanaho no kwanga kwicwa barebera.
Mu gihe cy’ubwicanyi bwo mu 1962 no mu 1973, Abatutsi bo mu Bisesero bahungiye ku musozi wa Muyira babasha kwirwanaho. Mu 1994, baketse ko bashobora kwongera kwirwanaho nk’uko babikoze maze bahungira kuri uwo musozi.
Babashije kwirwanaho mu gihe cy’ukwezi bakoresha amacumu, imihoro, amabuye ndetse n’inkoni kandi barwana n’abantu bafite imbunda n’amagerenade. Babashije no kwambura bamwe mu bicanyi intwaro zabo.
Urwibutso rwa Bisesero rwubatse ku musozi uzamuka uturuka hasi ugana hejuru. Uwo musozi wubatweho amazu atatu, imwe imwe ikaba ifite ibyumba bitatu. Ibyimba icyenda bigize ayo mazu yose byibutsa amakomini icyenda yari agize Perefegitura ya Kibuye mu 1994. Mu mpinga y’umusozi hari imva zirindwi zishyinguyemo imibiri igera ku bihumbi mirongo itanu (50.000) y’abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ingazi ugenda wurira uko uzamuka uwo musozi, zirerekana akaga abatutsi bagize bahunga, barwana ndetse hagiye haba n’imfuruka zibutsa ko bageragaho bakihisha. Ukinjira mu Rwibutso, ubona amabuye menshi ashinzemo amacumu icyenda. Aya macumu yibutsa ko ariyo ntwaro bakoresheje birwanaho. Hari kandi inzu nto y’isomero usangamo ibitabo byanditswe kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Nyarubuye
Urwibutso rwa Nyarubuye ruri mu Karere ka Kirehe, Intara y’Iburasirazuba. Ubwicanyi bukomeye bwabereye kuri paruwasi gatolika ya Nyarubuye kuva tariki ya 15 kugeza ku ya 17/4/1994., buyobowe n’abjandarume bo mu nkambi ya Mulindi I Nasho n’uwari burugumesitiri wa Rusumo aho Nyarubuye yari iri icyo gihe.
Urwibutso rwa Nyarubuye rwubatswe by’agateganyo mu 1995, ubu rukaba ruriho ruvugururwa ku buryo ruzaba rushya. Mu biranga urwo rwibutso by’umwihariko hari:
Ruzaba urwibutso rw’akarere kandi ruzashyingurwamo abantu baturutse hoirya no hino mu Karere ka Kirehe.
Abahashyinguye si abakomoka Nyarubuye gusa. Hari n’abakomoka rukira, Birenga, Kigarama, Kabarondo n’ahandi.
Abicanyi barezaga amaraso y’inzirakarengane bakayanywa, bakabaga imitima n’imyijima y’abantu bakayirya.
Kuri urwo rwibutso, uhasanga ibikoresho abicanyi bakoreshaga nk’amacumu, imiheto n’imihoro, ndetse n’utubind n’imivure bashyiragamo amaraso y’abatutsi. Mu byumba by’ababikira n’ubwogero bwabo naho hibutsa iyicwa rubozo ryakorerwaga abari n’abategarugori bakorerwaga ibya mfurambi.
Ntarama
Urwibutso rwa Ntarama ruri mu Karere ka Bugesera, Intara y’Iburasirazuba. Kimwe na Nyamata na Nyarubuye, uru rwibutso ruri ahahoze kiliziya gatolika. Tariki ya 15/4/1994, nibwo hiciwe abantu benshi. Rushyinguyemo abantu bagera ku 5000 bazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Rugizwe n’igice kinini cya kiliziya aho abakirisitu bicaraga, hakaba hariciwe abantu benshi. Hanze hari imva zishyinguyemo imibiri igera ku 5000. Hari kandi ishuri abana bigiragamo gatigisimu, bakaba barahabiciye babatemagura banabahonda ku nkuta. Hari igice cya Sakristiya nacyo kiciwemo abantu. Kubera ko abantu bose batashoboraga kujya mu kiliziya, hari abiciwe mu busitani, nabwo rero bukaba ari igice kigize urwibutso. Hari kandi n’igikoni cyari icy’abapadiri kiciwemo abantu babatwitse.